RFID Card Types

RFID Card Types


RFID cards are used for contactless communication and come in various types based on their operating frequency, technology, and application. The most common RFID card types include:

1. Low Frequency (LF) Cards (125 kHz)

  • Features:
    • Operate at 125 kHz
    • Short reading distance (up to 10 cm)
    • Slow data transfer rate
  • Common Standards: EM4100, EM4200, T5577
  • Applications: Animal tracking, access control systems, low-data applications

2. High Frequency (HF) Cards (13.56 MHz)

  • Features:
    • Operate at 13.56 MHz
    • Reading distance up to 1 meter
    • Moderate data transfer rate
    • Can support encryption and read/write capabilities
  • Common Standards:
    • ISO 14443A/B: Used in NFC (Near Field Communication) cards like MIFARE and in contactless payment systems (e.g., bank cards)
    • ISO 15693: Used in systems with longer read range than ISO 14443
    • NFC (Near Field Communication): Allows interaction with smartphones for mobile payments and data exchange
  • Applications: Access control, transit cards, contactless payments, mobile NFC, smart cards
RFID Card Types


3. Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Cards (860-960 MHz)

  • Features:
    • Operate at frequencies between 860 MHz and 960 MHz
    • Longer reading distance (up to 12 meters)
    • High data transfer rate
    • Passive UHF cards typically have no battery, relying on the reader's power
  • Common Standards: EPCglobal Gen 2 (used for supply chain and retail inventory tracking)
  • Applications: Asset tracking, inventory management, toll collection, supply chain logistics

4. Active RFID Cards

  • Features:
    • Equipped with a battery for longer range and active transmission of data
    • Range can exceed 100 meters
    • Often used for real-time tracking
  • Applications: Long-range asset tracking, personnel tracking, environmental monitoring

5. Passive RFID Cards

  • Features:
    • No internal battery, powered by the RFID reader's electromagnetic field
    • Shorter range compared to active RFID
  • Applications: Access control, payment systems, transportation systems

6. MIFARE Cards

  • A subset of HF cards (13.56 MHz), widely used in access control, public transportation, and contactless payment systems.
  • Types of MIFARE Cards:
    • MIFARE Classic: Early version with a simple encryption scheme
    • MIFARE DESFire: Advanced card with enhanced security and faster communication
    • MIFARE Ultralight: Lightweight, low-cost, limited memory, often used in disposable tickets

Each RFID card type serves specific use cases, balancing factors like security, range, data capacity, and cost.

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